SOURCE-LED REFERENCE NOTES

Closed-Loop Process Water Recycling & Zero Liquid Discharge

Optimizing thickener overflow recycle ratios, managing dissolved ions, and ZLD evaporator design.

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WATER & SLURRY HYDRAULICS
1 min reference note

Closed-Loop Process Water Recycling & Zero Liquid Discharge

Source notes — linked publications and standards below; organisations and authors named there do not author or endorse this page.

1. Water Circuit Mass Balance

Fresh Makeup = Total Demand - Recycled Return. Goal: Achieve > 85% water recycle rate.
PEER-REVIEWED TEXTBOOK & JOURNAL CITATIONS
  • ICMM. (2021). Water Reporting Guidelines. International Council on Mining and Metals. [Access Reference]